A review on spindle thermal error compensation in machine tools

Thermal error caused by the thermal deformation is one of the most significant factors influencing the accuracy of the machine tool. Among all the heat sources which lead to the thermal distortions, the spindle is the main one. This paper presents an overview of the research about the compensation of the spindle thermal error. Thermal error compensation is considered as a more convenient, effective and cost-efficient way to reduce the thermal error compared with other thermal error control and reduction methods. Based on the analytical calculation, numerical analysis and experimental tests of the spindle thermal error, the thermal error models are established and then applied for implementing the thermal error compensation. Different kinds of methods adopted in testing, modeling and compensating are listed and discussed. In addition, because the thermal key points are vital to the temperature testing, thermal error modeling, and even influence the effectiveness of compensation, various approaches of selecting thermal key points are introduced as well. This paper aims to give a basic introduction of the whole process of the spindle thermal error compensation and presents a summary of methods applied on different topics of it.     

Optimized techniques for driving and control of the switched reluctance motor to improve efficiency

This work presents modeling, driving and classical speed control techniques for the switched reluctance motor. The aim is to improve the computational model, the control response and the machine efficiency. A parametric regression model was used to find the inductance profile of the switched reluctance motor and from the new inductance profile model. The drive and control techniques are shown: (i) with speed control acting on the excitation voltage and fixed switching angles, (ii) with speed control acting on the switching angles and fixed excitation voltage and (iii) with speed control acting on the excitation voltage, in this case, with dynamic switching angles and controller parameters. The inductance profile is represented by expression and inserted into the machine computer model, allowing greater precision and low computational cost. The speed control acting on the excitation voltage with dynamic controller parameters and dynamic switching angles allowed: (i) shorter response time for a wide range of control, (ii) higher efficiency, (iii) low computational cost and (iv) simplified implementation and maintenance. The techniques proposed in this work obtained precision of the computational model with respect to the system (in workbench) and optimized parameters in a wide range of the speed control, allowing an improvement of switched reluctance motor efficiency.     

转底炉烟气系统堵塞、腐蚀及防腐探索

烟气余热利用系统是转底炉生产工艺重要的组成部分，余热锅炉又是烟气余热利用系统的核心设备。对转底炉烟气特性进行了分析，重点介绍了某钢厂转底炉烟气余热利用系统工艺流程及工艺参数；对烟气余热利用系统堵塞、锅炉管腐蚀原因进行了分析，在实践基础上，提出了烟气余热利用系统防堵、防腐蚀的措施，并对余热锅炉防腐进行了有益探索。通过这些措施的实施，减轻了烟气余热利用系统的堵塞和腐蚀，并在转底炉实际生产中得到了验证,为解决转底炉烟气余热利用系统堵塞、腐蚀提供了有益的借鉴。     

Finite-time annular domain stability of Itô stochastic impulsive systems with markovian jumping under asynchronous switching

ABSTRACT

This study examines the finite time annular domain stability (FTADS) and stabilisation of a class of Itô stochastic impulsive systems with asynchronous switching controller. The asynchronous switching means that the controller switching does not accurately coincide with system switching in delayed time interval. The design of the controller depends on the observed jumping parameters, which cannot be precisely measured in real-time because of switching delay. Our results apply to cases where some subsystems of the switched systems are not necessarily stable under the influence of input delay. When the subsystem is stable in the synchronous switching interval and unstable in the asynchronous case, a compromise among the average impulsive interval, the upper bound of delay, and the decay/increasing rate of Lyapunov function in the synchronous/asynchronous switching interval respectively is given. By the mode-dependent parameter approach (MDPA) and allowing the increase of the impulses on all the switching times, the extended FTADS criteria for Itô stochastic impulsive systems in generally nonlinear setting are derived first. Then, we focus on the case when the system in both synchronous and asynchronous switching intervals are unstable. By reaching a tradeoff among average impulsive interval, the upper bound of delay, the magnitude of impulses and the difference between the increasing rate of Lyapunov function in the synchronous and asynchronous switching interval, new sufficient conditions for existence of the state feedback controller are also developed by MDPA. In addition, we consider the effect of different impulsive strengths (harmful and beneficial impulses) and obtained less conservative results because the Lyapunov function may be non-decreasing during switching interval. Moreover, we extend the conclusion from nonlinear stochastic impulsive switching systems to linear case. Finally, we present two examples to illustrate the effectiveness of the results obtained in this study.     

Landau-Zener模型中纠缠演化及转移的研究

研究了受外场驱动的两个二能级系统分别与两个单模量子化光场相互作用模型中纠缠演化及转移问题。该工作主要是对外场驱动的Landau-Zener模型进行了研究，采用旋转波近似的方法，通过数值计算详细分析了二能级系统初始状态、能级间的耦合常数以及驱动外场的参数对子系统间纠缠和转移特性的影响。结果表明，适当调节模型中的参数，可以使系统初始纠缠完全转移为光腔场间的纠缠，实现二能级系统与光场间的最大纠缠转移。     

离子色谱同时测定果汁中22种糖、糖醇和醇

目的建立积分安培-离子色谱法同时测果汁中22种糖、糖醇和醇定的方法。方法在流速为0.40 mL/min, pH值在6.5～8.6,柱温为30℃条件下,在CarboPacTM MA1(4 mm×250 mm)色谱柱中进行分离。结果 22种组分在测定浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系(r~20.999);除了甲醇外,其他21种组分检出限在0.006～0.203 mg/L之间;在0.50、1.00、5.00 mg/L 3个添加浓度水平下,回收率为75.83%～105.89%,相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.03%～10.39%范围内。结论该方法简便、快速、准确、灵敏,完全适于果汁中22种糖、糖醇和醇的分析测定。     

冷轧带钢切边圆盘剪装置的优化与改进

针对冷轧带钢切边后产生的边部梗压印缺陷,结合切边圆盘剪的剪切原理,设计了一种圆盘剪复合衬套,其采用100Cr钢质内圈和MC尼龙外圈复合结构组成,取代原纯钢质衬套,使圆盘剪在剪切带钢过程中由钢性接触转变为弹性接触,从而避免了带钢边部梗压印缺陷的产生,提高了切边质量与剪切里程数,降低了圆盘剪备件成本,提高了生产效率。     

等离子喷涂Cr2O3/TiO2高温氧化物陶瓷 复合涂层的微观组织及电化学性能

目的 通过等离子喷涂工艺,在油气管道X70管线钢表面制备出Cr2O3/TiO2高温氧化物陶瓷复合涂层,研究该涂层的微观组织与电化学性能。方法 采用9MC Plasma Control Unit等离子喷涂系统,基于线切割尺寸为40 mm×24 mm×6 mm的X70管线钢基体表面,沉积Cr2O3/TiO2高温氧化物陶瓷复合涂层。利用金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察该复合涂层的微观组织与形貌,利用X射线衍射仪分析该复合涂层的物相组成,利用电化学工作站测定该复合涂层的电化学腐蚀性能。结果 Cr2O3/TiO2高温氧化物陶瓷复合涂层由完全熔化区和半熔化区双态组成,呈典型的等离子喷涂层状结构,层与层之间结合较紧密,分布着富Cr2O3沉积区与富TiO2沉积区,无相变产生,完全熔融的TiO2液相可嵌入到未完全熔融的Cr2O3结构间隙中形成固溶结构。经电化学腐蚀性能测试,其自腐蚀电位介于-0.4 ~ -0.3 V之间,高于X70管线钢基体的自腐蚀电位-0.6 ~ -0.5 V,腐蚀倾向滞后,表现出好的抗腐蚀性能。结论 研究选取的等离子喷涂参数较合适,并成功制备出了能明显提高油气管道X70管线钢抗电化学腐蚀性且组织分布均匀的Cr2O3/TiO2高温氧化物陶瓷复合涂层。     

氟聚合物在核壳乳液及耐沾污外墙涂料中的应用

针对普通丙烯酸外墙乳胶涂料耐沾污性不足的缺陷,利用氟聚合物改性丙烯酸乳液,合成了壳层含氟的内软外硬型丙烯酸酯核壳复合乳液,并采用该乳液制备外墙乳胶涂料。研究了壳层含氟乳液对外墙涂料耐沾污性的影响。结果表明,与不掺加氟聚合物的丙烯酸酯乳液相比,通过在壳层聚合时加入一定量的氟单体,核壳乳液涂膜的表面接触角和疏水性显著提高,吸水率明显降低,使得涂料的耐沾污性得到显著改善。由于氟组分主要分布于壳层,含量很少就可获得显著的改性效果。     

热轧薄规格带钢生产能力提升实践

针对山东钢铁集团日照有限公司热轧产线制约薄规格生产的轧制难点和影响要素,通过采取轧机间隙管理和精度调整、轧线对中精度调整、精轧AGC速率和限幅调整、精轧速度和负荷优化、温度控制优化、辊型配置优化、辊期编排优化等措施,实现了2.0 mm以下薄规格产品的批量稳定生产。